LBA · Context-sensitive
Powers of two, by halving
Accepts aⁿ iff n = 2ᵏ. Each pass crosses off every second a, halving the count; a clean halving chain down to 1 is only possible for powers of two.
The author’s examples, run
a → acceptaaaa → acceptaaaaaaaa → acceptaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa → acceptaaaaaa → rejectaaaaa → reject